Brand Name: Adoxa
Generic Name: Doxycycline
Active Ingredient(s): Doxycycline Hyclate 100 mg

For the General Public:

Uses:
Adoxa is used to:

• Treat a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted infections.
• Prevent malaria when traveling to areas with malaria risk.

Dosage:

• For Infections: 100 mg every 12 hours (twice daily) for 7-14 days or as prescribed by your doctor.
• For Malaria Prevention: 100 mg once or twice daily, starting 1-2 days before travel and continuing for 4 weeks post-exposure.

Possible Side Effects:

• Common Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, photosensitivity, upset stomach.
• Serious (Less Common) Side Effects:
  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing).
  • Severe liver damage or jaundice.
  • Discoloration of teeth in children.

Important Information:

• Dosage Instruction: Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions exactly.
• Usage Instruction: Take with a full glass of water and avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to prevent irritation.
• General Information:
  • Do not take if allergic to doxycycline or other tetracyclines.
  • Avoid excessive sun exposure due to increased risk of photosensitivity.
  • Pregnant women and children under 8 years old should avoid tetracyclines due to potential harm to developing teeth and bones.

Drug Interactions:

• Interactions with Other Medications:
  • Antacids, calcium, magnesium, and iron supplements can reduce absorption of doxycycline.
  • May interact with anticoagulants, increasing the risk of bleeding.
• Interactions with Food:
  • Dairy products and supplements should be taken at least 2 hours apart from doxycycline.

Regulatory Approval & Manufacturer:
Approved by [regulatory authority], manufactured by [manufacturer].

Antidotes (If Overdose or Misuse by Patients):

• Symptomatic treatment and supportive care are recommended for overdose. Seek immediate medical assistance.

For Pharmacists:

Medicine Name: Adoxa
Brand: Adoxa
Active Ingredient(s): Doxycycline Hyclate 100 mg

Indications:

• Bacterial infections (respiratory, skin, urinary, sexually transmitted infections).
• Malaria prophylaxis.

Pharmacodynamics:

• Mechanism of Action:
  Doxycycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing aminoacyl-tRNA binding and thus impeding bacterial growth.
• Pharmacological Effects:
  • Broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
  • Reduces the risk of malaria by eliminating Plasmodium parasites.
• Receptor Binding:
  Binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, which is crucial for translation and protein synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics:

• Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (bioavailability ~90%).
• Distribution: Widely distributed in body tissues; penetrates cerebrospinal fluid.
• Metabolism: Primarily metabolized in the liver.
• Elimination: Excreted mainly through urine, some through bile.
• Half-Life: Approximately 16-18 hours.
• Effect of Food: Dairy products and calcium supplements may interfere with absorption.

Dosage and Administration:

• Adults:
  • 100 mg every 12 hours (twice daily) for bacterial infections.
  • For malaria prophylaxis: 100 mg once or twice daily.
• Special Populations:
  • Caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines.
• Pregnancy (especially in the second and third trimesters) and children under 8 years old.

Warnings and Precautions:

• Use with caution in:
  • Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function.
  • Those at risk for photosensitivity reactions.

Drug-Drug Interactions:

• Reduced absorption with calcium, magnesium, and iron supplements.
• Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants.

Drug-Food Interactions:

• Dairy products and supplements should be avoided within 2 hours of taking doxycycline.

Adverse Reactions:

• Common: Nausea, diarrhea, photosensitivity, dizziness.
• Serious: Hepatic dysfunction, severe allergic reactions, discoloration of teeth in children.

Therapeutic Effects:

• Broad-spectrum antibacterial action.
• Effective prophylaxis against malaria.

Storage:
Store at 15-30°C, protected from light and moisture.

Packaging:
Available in blister packs of 10 tablets.

Clinical Considerations:

• Pregnancy Category: D (not recommended).
• Lactation Category: Avoid unless benefits outweigh risks.
• Pediatric Use: Not recommended for children under 8 years.
• Geriatric Use: Use with caution; monitor renal and hepatic function.

Conclusion:

Adoxa Tab 100 mg is a widely used antibiotic effective in treating various bacterial infections and preventing malaria. Patients should follow dosage guidelines carefully and avoid interacting substances like calcium and iron supplements. Pharmacists should ensure that patients understand proper usage and potential side effects, especially in special populations.