1. Medicine Name: Acabel
2. Brand: Acabel 4mg Tablets
3. Active Ingredient(s): Lornoxicam

For the General Public:

1. Uses:
   Acabel 4mg is used to treat pain, inflammation, and stiffness associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It works by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing the production of prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation.
2. Dosage:
   • Adults: Take 1 tablet 1–2 times daily, with or after food.
   • Not recommended for children under 18 years.
     Always follow your doctor’s prescription or the instructions on the packaging.
3. Possible Side Effects:
   Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Serious side effects may include gastrointestinal bleeding, allergic reactions, and kidney impairment. Contact your doctor if you notice anything unusual.
4. Important Information:
   • Do not use Acabel if you are allergic to Lornoxicam or any NSAIDs.
   • Avoid use if you have a history of severe gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers.
   • Consult your doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to conceive.
   • Store out of children’s reach.
   • If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to the next dose. Do not double the dose.

For Pharmacists:

1. Medicine Name: Acabel
2. Brand: Acabel 4mg Tablets
3. Active Ingredient(s): Lornoxicam
4. Indications:
   • Management of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
   • Short-term relief of moderate pain, including post-operative and musculoskeletal injuries.
5. Pharmacodynamics:
   • Mechanism of Action: Lornoxicam inhibits COX enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which mediates pain and inflammation.
   • Pharmacological Effects: Provides anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.
   • Receptor Binding: N/A (non-selective NSAID).
6. Pharmacokinetics:
   • Absorption: Rapidly absorbed; peak plasma concentration achieved within 1–2 hours.
   • Distribution: Plasma protein binding ~99%.
   • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver (CYP enzymes).
   • Elimination: Excreted through urine and feces; half-life ~3–5 hours.
   • Bioavailability: Approximately 90%.
   • Effect of Food: Food may delay absorption slightly but does not reduce overall effectiveness.
7. Dosage and Administration:
   • Adults: 4–8 mg daily in divided doses. Maximum daily dose: 16 mg.
   • Pediatric: Not recommended.
   • Special Populations: Adjust dosage for patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
8. Contraindications:
   • Hypersensitivity to Lornoxicam or NSAIDs.
   • Severe hepatic or renal impairment.
   • Active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcers.
9. Warnings and Precautions:
   • Use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders, or those at risk of bleeding.
   • Monitor renal and hepatic function in prolonged use.
10. Drug Interactions:
    • Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants or antiplatelets.
    • May reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensives and diuretics.
    • Potentially nephrotoxic when combined with other NSAIDs or ACE inhibitors.
11. Adverse Reactions:
    • Common: Nausea, dizziness, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
    • Serious: Gastrointestinal bleeding, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, or renal failure.
12. Storage:
    Store at room temperature (15°C–30°C) in a dry place, away from light.
13. Packaging:
    Available in 10 tablets per strip.

Conclusion:

Acabel 4mg is an effective NSAID for managing pain and inflammation associated with arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions. When used as prescribed, it provides significant relief, improving patients’ quality of life. However, due care should be taken to adhere to the recommended dosage and monitor for side effects, especially in at-risk populations such as those with cardiovascular or gastrointestinal conditions. Pharmacists should ensure patients are educated about potential drug interactions, proper use, and storage instructions.